It is no secret that since the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been an upward shift in the popularity of online learning. This may surprise those who remember the hastily implemented remote learning strategies of the early pandemic period. However, when approached intentionally with clear goals and thoughtful design, online learning offers a flexible yet equally rigorous academic structure.
One of the key challenges of online learning is captivating the attention of students and ensuring they are fully engaged in the curriculum. Instructors often struggle with several issues in this regard. The lack of physical presence, and the inability to read students' non-verbal cues, can make it difficult to gauge student understanding and interest.
Maintaining consistent communication and building a sense of community can also be challenging without consistent face-to-face interactions. Additionally, instructors must contend with varying levels of students' self-discipline and time management skills, which can impact participation and engagement.
Ensuring that students are engaged is crucial in online learning. In this article, we explore several best practices that can help achieve a more engaged student body:
1. Understanding Behavioral, Emotional, and Cognitive Engagement
Overcoming engagement hurdles requires a framework for measurement and improvement. Student engagement can be evaluated through behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions.
The behavioral dimension assesses a student’s participation in the course. Indicators include attendance, completion of assignments and quizzes, and involvement in both verbal and chat-based discussions. High behavioral engagement is often correlated with consistent academic performance and persistence in coursework.
The emotional dimension refers to the affective responses that students have toward their learning experience. This includes their interest, enjoyment, and feelings of belonging within the online community. Emotional engagement is critical as it impacts attentiveness, motivation, and satisfaction with the course.
Finally, the cognitive dimension involves the student’s investment in learning and the strategies they use to understand and master the material. Cognitive engagement is characterized by students’ willingness to put in the effort to comprehend complex ideas and solve challenging problems. Encouraging self-regulated learning behaviors and providing meaningful feedback are essential strategies to boost cognitive engagement.
2. Designing High-Engagement Courses
High student engagement starts with implementing a consistent course design that is accessible, easy to navigate, and uncluttered, with uniform placement of learning materials (such as lecture videos, interactive activities, formative quizzes, and assignments). Inconsistent course designs that force students to search for learning materials can waste time, increase frustration, and reduce course engagement.
Creating a course that has clear and concise learning objectives and using a pedagogical framework such as Bloom's Taxonomy to help structure the course, will promote higher-order thinking skills and deeper understanding by students.
For instance, start with foundational knowledge by encouraging students to remember and understand key concepts, then progress to applying and analyzing this knowledge through practical exercises, asynchronous learning objects, case studies, and discussion boards as well as synchronous live discussion. Finally, challenge students to evaluate and create, synthesizing their learning into new projects or research.
Incorporate multimedia elements such as videos, interactive simulations, and gamified learning modules to make the content more engaging. For instance, if you are teaching a lesson on the gross anatomy of the human heart, you could provide students with a graphic of the heart and allow students to demonstrate their knowledge through a drag and accurately place the names of different parts of the heart muscle structure to demonstrate understanding.
Alongside these interactive, high-engagement modules, it is essential to tie the lesson to real-world applications, enabling students to apply their new knowledge and build upon their foundational understanding.
3. Blending Real-Time Collaboration With Self-Paced Work
A key tenet of establishing a high-engagement atmosphere is implementing an effective balance of synchronous and asynchronous activities. As a brief refresher, synchronous activities require immediate response and real-time collaboration, while asynchronous activities allow for contemplation and careful thought over time.
Interactive synchronous activities, such as imbedded multiple-choice questioning, polling, video conferences, and live chats, are valuable tools because they provide both students and instructors with instant feedback. Additionally, synchronous activities help establish a sense of belonging and community among students, and between students and instructors, both of which are vitally important in online and hybrid learning environments.
On the other hand, asynchronous activities, such as pre-recorded lectures, discussion boards, and self-paced learning modules, offer students flexibility in their education. Often, these asynchronous activities are most effective as preparatory learning prior to an interactive synchronous activity. Maintaining a healthy, balanced rotation of synchronous and asynchronous activities will keep students engaged and focused.
4. Enhancing Communication and Feedback in Online Learning
Teaching an online course runs the risk of losing the personal connection with students that you would get in a standard face-to-face setting, but it does not have to be that way. In the age of online learning, it is essential to provide regular and transparent communication through frequent messaging through the LMS, office hours, or one on one meetings. Establishing a frequent line of communication with students creates an inviting and informative atmosphere.
Providing timely, specific, and actionable feedback is essential for maintaining healthy communication. Clear constructive formative feedback allows students to make early adjustments and enhance the connection with the instructor. Personalized feedback not only helps students connect with the instructor but also allows the instructor to better understand each student's grasp of the material. This fosters a healthy relationship between student and instructor, creating a more involved and engaged student.
5. Building a Sense of Community in Online Courses
It is essential to cultivate a sense of community in your online learning course. Like in a traditional classroom, inclusion and equity should be top of mind. Start with self-reflection to identify any aspects of your experience and background that should be addressed to ensure you are providing a welcoming learning environment.
Next, consider who your students are and the diverse environments and circumstances they may come from. Think about what you can do to ensure students feel that they are a valued member of the learning community and that they are treated with respect. Encourage all to have cameras on and use chat features or raise their virtual hand for questions.
Creating a safe space for learning is essential to building a sense of belonging and community among learners. It is important to provide time to respond for learners that need more time to think before engaging the answer; a way to do this is through direct messaging to the instructor via chat.
Additionally, creating this safe space hinges on how you handle wrong answers, and helps students to understand that no question is a stupid question, and encourages questions as you go rather than at the end of the presentation. Connecting what students already know to new learning can be achieved through encouraging students to bring their own stories forward that connect with the content. Leverage peer learning through breakout rooms to enhance collaboration and integration of knowledge.
While creating a sense of community is important and serious, it is also beneficial to incorporate some light-hearted fun to encourage camaraderie among students. Icebreakers at the beginning of synchronous activities provide a unique opportunity for social engagement or “hallway conversation” between the instructor and students. Invite students to be guest DJ’s for the 15 minutes prior to the session. These types of engagement capture the students’ attention and offer an effective segue into the learning activity.
6. Creating Personalized Learning Experiences Online
How people learn and process information is not one-size-fits-all. What works for some will not work for all. It is important to adapt to diverse learning styles and needs. Techniques for personalized learning include adaptive learning technologies, self-paced learning options, and customized learning paths and assessments.
Adaptive learning technology uses data-driven methods to customize learning experiences for each student, promoting greater equity in education. Self-paced learning allows students to continue their education on their own timeline, accommodating various schedules and learning speeds.
Customized learning paths and assessments provide students with personalized plans to achieve their unique educational goals. This process begins with an early evaluation to understand the student’s base knowledge of the subject matter. Based on this evaluation, an adapted program is implemented to meet the student’s needs. Throughout the program, adjustments are made to tailor the learning experience specifically to each student.
These methods ensure that learning needs are met, thereby increasing student engagement and instilling confidence in students to fulfill their educational aspirations.
7. Encouraging Self-Motivation and Accountability in Online Students
There is a belief that online learning can lead to a lack of accountability and motivation. While this is an issue, it is not solely an online learning issue. Motivating and holding students accountable is an educational challenge that spans all modes of learning.
It is essential, especially in online and hybrid learning environments, to teach students to take ownership and pride in their learning and educational achievements. Building confidence in students breeds high self-motivation and engagement. Instructors should create plans to maintain high spirits and confidence. Setting clear goals and expectations is crucial.
Providing students with a definitive standard to measure up to is imperative for their success and well-being. Offer students incentives and rewards to look forward to, such as extra credit or dropping the lowest quiz grade if they reach a collective goal. This approach allows students to hold themselves accountable, reach incentivized goals, and encourages them to work and act as a community.
8. Monitoring and Assessing Online Student Engagement
There are various tools and techniques to monitor and assess student engagement and provide insights into the overall educational experience. Learning Management Systems (LMS) offer instructors data on usage statistics, activity completion, participation metrics, and progress tracking.
Other useful tools for measuring engagement include synchronous or asynchronous surveys and feedback forms, which give students the opportunity to share their thoughts on course content, satisfaction, and more. Consider implementing after the first exam a stop-start-continue survey to gather feedback from students on how the way you have structured the course is connecting to their learning. Additionally, analyzing scores and overall performance can provide instructors with valuable insights into student engagement.
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The measure of a student’s success hinges on their ability to stay engaged with their coursework and materials. It is vital for the success of online and hybrid students that instructors create an inclusive space and curriculum that inspires them to pursue their education and goals. Online and hybrid students must be given the right tools and experiences to fulfill their academic and career aspirations.
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